Modale Hilfsverben

Wichtig: Ein "Modal Auxiliary" (modales Hilfsverb) wird verwenden, um die Stimmung eines Verbs zu ändern‼! 

Can and Could

Can: wird verwendet, um die Fähigkeit, die Bereitschaft, das  Erlaubnis, oder die Möglichkeit  auszudrücken. Die Verneinung is  cannot oder can’t.

Bsple:

1. I can drive a car => Fähigkeit
2. Can you help me doing my homework? => Bereitschaft
3. Can I use your Bike? => Erlaubnis
4. Loud music can damage (schaden) your ears > Möglichkeit

Could: ist die Vergangenheitsform von “can”, kann aber auch can ersetzen als Bedingungsform (conditional) oder kann auch als might oder may benutz werden, um eine Möglichkeit auszudrücken. Die Verneining ist could not oder couldn’t.

May and Might

May: wird verwendet, um das Erlaubnis oder die Möglichkeit auszudrücken. Die Verneinung ist may not.

Bsple:

• I may come tomorrow => Möglichkeit (in der Zukunft)
• May I have a glass of water => Erlaubnis (darf Ich….)

Might: wird verwendet, um die Möglichkeit zu äußern. Es unterscheidet sich von may, indem die Möglichkeit, die sie ausdrückt normalerweise kleiner ist. Die Verneinung ist might not.

Bsple:

• I might become a doctor when I grow up, but I doubt it => Die Chance (Möglichkeit) ein Doktor zu sein ... ist gering (kleiner als bei may)

Must and Have 

Must: es drückt einen starken Glauben aus (belief). Dieser Glaube ist nicht basiert auf Fakten, sondern auf Logik. Zweitens drückt es eine Verpflichtung. Die Quelle der Verpflichtung ist introvertiert (aus sich selbst). Die Verneinung ist must not oder mustn’t (not allowed)

Bsple:

• My keys must be around here somewhere => Logischeweise, Ich glaube es… 
• I must go to school =>Verpflichtung. (bin nicht erwzungen aber Ich muss es tun!) 

Have to: es drückt auch einen starken Glauben. Der Glaube ist nicht basiert auf Fakten, sondern auf Logik. Zweitens drückt es eine Verpflichtung. die Quelle der Verpflichtung ist extrovertiert (von Ihrem Chef, dem Gesetz, oder einer Behörde).Die Verneinung ist do not have to oder don’t have to.

Bsple:

• John has to pass the math test to advance to the next grade => Logik
• My mum says (that) I have to make my bed =>Verpflichting

Need not oder Needn't

Need: es drückt eine Option(brauchen) aus! Die Verneinung needn’t oder don't need to (es ist nicht nötig).

Bsple:

• I need to work out my abilities => Brauchen
• We needn’t even be 11 players playing for each team => nicht nötig
• We don’t even need to be 11 players playing for each team.

Übung: 

Wähle die richtige Modalverb: can, can’t, could, couldn’t, may, may not, might, might not, must, mustn’t, should, shouldn’t, need, needn’t, have to, haven’t!

1. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You ___________ buy any.
2. It's a hospital. You ­­­­­­­­­­_________________ smoke.
3. He had been working for more than 11 hours. He _____________ be tired after such hard work. He _________________ prefer to get some rest.
4. Do you ___________ chew with your mouth open like that? Geez, it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza.
5. I _____________ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I ____________ just say a few things in the language.
6. The teacher said we____________ read this book for our own pleasure as it is optional. But we______________ read it if we don't want to.
7. _______________you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I ___________.
8. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you _______________ to work hard.
9. Take an umbrella. It ____________ rain later.
10. You ____________ leave small objects lying around. Such objects ___________ be swallowed by children.
11. People ____________ walk on grass.
12. Drivers____________ stop when the traffic lights are red.
13. ___________ I ask a question? Yes, of course.
14. You _____________ take your umbrella. It is not raining.
15. __________you speak Italian? No, I __________.

Check Solutions

Answers

Indirekte Rede:

Bilde Sätze in der indirekten Rede. Achte auf die Änderung der Zeitformen und der Pronomen.

1. Samantha (she) said that _she was reading_ a book.
2. Martin and Jack (they) said that they were busy.
3. Jenny (she) said that she had woken up early this morning.
4. He said that he would ring her.
5. Samantha and Jack said that they had just arrived from school.
6. She said (that) she did not know where her shoes were.

Modale Hilfsverben:

AS + ADJECTIVE + AS/NOT AS + ADJECTIVE + AS

AS + ADJECTIVE + AS

 To compare people, places, events or things, when there is no difference, use as + adjective + as:

• Peter is 24 years old. John is 24 years old. Peter is as old as John.

More examples:

• Moscow is as cold as St. Petersburg in the winter.
• Ramona is as happy as Raphael.
• Einstein is as famous as Darwin.
• A tiger is as dangerous as a lion.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

NOT AS + ADJECTIVE + AS

Difference can also be shown by using not so/as ...as:

• Mont Blanc is not as high as Mount Everest
• Norway is not as sunny as Thailand
• A bicycle is not as expensive as a car
• Arthur is not as intelligent as Albert

Present Continuous (I am doing / I'm doing)

A - Check out this example situation:
        Dave is in his car. He is on his way to school.   
        He is driving to school.
        This means: he is driving at the moment of speaking, now. Indeed the action is not finished, rather is continuing.
        Am/is/are -ing is the present continuous:
                          I         am   (= I'm)                                  driving
           he/she/it          is      (= he's/she's/it's)              working
      we/you/they         are    (= we're/you're/they're)    dancing.

B - I am doing something = I'm in the middle of doing something; I've started doint it already and haven't finished at all.
        The action is often happening at the time of speaking or acting:

• Please don't make so much noise. I'm working a18 . ( not "I work")
• "Where's Lakisha?"   "She's having a bath."  (not "she has a bath")
• Let's go out now. It isn't raining any more. (not "it doesn't rain")
• (at a party) Hello, Jane. Are you enjoying the party? ( not "do you enjoy")
• I'm tired. I'm going to bed now. Goodnight!

         But the action is not necessarily happening at the time of speaking. For example:
       
                         
Dave and Lakisha are talking in a café. Dave says:
I'm reading an amazing book at the moment. I'll lend it to you when I've finished it.
Dave is not reading the book at the time of speaking.
He means that he has started it but not finished it yet.
He is in the middle of reading it.
   Some more examples:

• Lakisha wants to work in Barcelona, so she is learning Spanish. (but maybe she isn't learning Spanish exactly at the time of speaking)
• Some friends of mine are building their own house. They hope it will be finished before next summer.   

C - We use the present continuous when we talk about things happening in a period around now (for example, today / this week / this evening etc.):

• "You're working hard today."            "Yes, I have a lot to do." (not "you work hard today")
• "Is Lakisha working this week?"      "No, she's on holiday."

         We use the present continuous when we talk about changes happening around now:

• The population of the world is rising very fast. (not "rises")
• Is your English getting better? (not "does your English get better")